What are the transverse processes of the first cervical vertebra commonly referred to as?

The transverse processes of the first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas, are commonly referred to as "wings." This terminology arises from the unique shape of the transverse processes, which extend laterally from the vertebral body, resembling wings. This feature is particularly important as it aids in the support of the skull and provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments that facilitate head movement.

In contrast to the other terms listed, "horns," "crests," and "spines" do not accurately describe the anatomical structure of the atlas. Horns typically refer to pointed projections found on some animals' skulls, crests suggest a ridge-like elevation, and spines refer to the bony projections found along the vertebral arches in the lumbar and thoracic regions, none of which apply to the transverse processes of the first cervical vertebra. This clarity in terminology is useful for students to better visualize and understand vertebral anatomy.